DEEP Workshop Report to Examine Information & Policy Gaps and Explore Options for Collective Action

In October 2025, the Environmental Law Institute convened researchers, policymakers, and civil society representatives for a two-day workshop examining the environmental, social, and policy implications of large-scale data centers and artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure. The convening followed Chatham House Rules to facilitate open discussion. The workshop sought to advance understanding of data center energy and water impacts, explore connections between AI development and infrastructure demands, assess gaps in current research and regulation, and identify potential pathways for policy alignment across federal, state, and local levels. Through expert presentations, interactive discussions, and facilitated dialogues, participants considered opportunities for collective action to ensure responsible, equitable, and sustainable data center development. This report summarizes the major themes, key takeaways, and discussion highlights from each session.